Theories Environmental Ethics

2.3. Theories Environmental EthicsAttitudes and behavior toward something is determined by how one's perspective on something. Humans have a particular view of nature, where that view has become the foundation for human action and behavior towards nature.The view is divided into three main theories, known as Shallow Environmental Ethics, Environmental Ethics Intermediate, and Deep Environmental Ethics. The third theory is also known as anthropocentrism, Biosentrisme, and Ekosentrisme.a. AnthropocentrismNamed after the Antropos = human, is a view that places humans at the center of the system of the universe. Because the center is the human mind, the nature of the policy should be directed to serve the interests of humans. Natural viewed only as an object, a tool and a means for the fulfillment of human needs. Thus the natural see no value in itself. Nature is seen and treated only as a means for achieving human goals. However, in a manner which is considered arbitrarily to nature, this view also cares for nature. Humans need a good environment, then for the sake of life, humans have an obligation maintaining and preserving the natural environment. Even if people are concerned about the nature, it is done solely to ensure the needs and interests of human life, and not on the consideration that nature has value in itself. This theory obviously is selfish, because only the interests of human beings. That is why this theory is considered as an environmental ethic shallow and narrow (Shallow EnvironmentalEthics).b. BiosentrismeIs a view of nature as a place that has a value in itself, apart from human interests. Thus, biosentrisme reject anthropocentrism theory which states that only the men that have value in itself. Biosentrisme theory holds that human beings not only saja.Pandangam biosentrisme basing life as the center of attention. Thus, the life of every creature on earth is commendable, and should be protected and saved. Biosentrisme see nature and all its contents have the dignity and value in itself. Nature has value precisely because there is life contained therein. Humans are seen as only one part of an existing whole life on earth, and not the center of the entire universe. So biologically, human beings no different from other living things.c. EkosentrismeThis view is based on the understanding that ecologically, both living beings and non-living objects are related to one another. River water, which include abiotic, are critical to the life in it. Air, although not including living creatures, but is crucial for the survival of all living things. Thus, in line with ekosentrisme than biosentrisme (where both are equally opposed to teoriantroposentrisme) also covers the wider community, the entire ecological community.Ekosentrisme called Deep Environtmental Ethics. Deep Ecolog the principle of biospheric egolitarian-ism, which is the recognition that all organisms and living beings are members of the same status of a related whole. So as to have an equal dignity. This involves a recognition that the right to live and thrive for all creatures (both biological and non-biological) is a universal right which can not be ignored